Original images are 10 by 8 inches, printed using a halftone screen at 45° and 120 lines per inch. The first halftone print was published in 1870 and the process only came into regular use in the 1890s, so the technique would have been very new at the time this book was made.
They were scanned at 360 dpi and descreened on an Epson V700 flatbed scanner. Afterwards, edited in Photoshop. Only particularly obtrusive white or black spots or scratches have been cloned out.
Few of these pictures are exactly square, even when scanned on a flatbed scanner. They have not been warped to restore squareness, since there is no reason to suppose they were exactly square when printed.
Where this seemed appropriate, images have been rotated to make vertical things in the picture appear vertical on the page.
The photographs would probably have been taken with a large plate camera, which would have had movements. These could have been used, for example, to remove converging verticals caused by the camera pointing upwards or downwards. There are few pictures having converging verticals so it seems that this must have been done where necessary. No keystoning adjustments have been made after scanning.
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